Os sintomas persistentes da síndrome pós-COVID-19 acarretam impactos negativos na saúde, qualidade de vida e produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os sintomas persistentes da síndrome pós-COVID-19, principalmente neurológicos, e as repercussões cognitivas, emocionais, motoras, de qualidade de vida e de custos indiretos, 12 meses após a infecção. Pacientes com primeiros sintomas entre janeiro e junho de 2021 evoluíram com síndrome pós-COVID-19 e procuraram atendimento na unidade da Rede SARAH de Hospitais de Reabilitação em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. As informações foram obtidas no início do acompanhamento e por entrevista telefônica após 12 meses da infecção. Participaram do estudo 58 pessoas, com idade média de 52,8 anos (±10,5) e 60% permaneceram em UTI. Os sintomas mais frequentes na admissão foram: fadiga (64%), artralgia (51%) e dispneia (47%); e após 12 meses: fadiga (46%) e alteração de memória (39%). Foram identificadas alterações nas escalas/testes funcionais: PCFS, MoCA, HAD, FSS, SF-36, TLS5x, Timed up and go, caminhada de 6 minutos e preensão manual. Os custos indiretos totais foram de USD 227.821,00, com 11.653 dias de absenteísmo; 32% dos pacientes não voltaram a trabalhar. Melhores resultados de TLS5x e SF-36, nas dimensões capacidade funcional, aspecto físico, vitalidade e dor, demonstraram associação com retorno laboral (p ≤ 0,05). Os sintomas persistentes mais frequentes foram: fadiga, artralgia, dispneia, ansiedade e depressão, com repercussões negativas na funcionalidade cognitiva, emocional, motora e qualidade de vida. Esses sintomas perduraram por mais de um ano, principalmente fadiga e alteração de memória, sendo esta última mais relatada tardiamente. Houve dificuldade importante de retorno laboral e custos indiretos de USD 4.847,25 por pessoa/ano.

The persistent symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome negatively impact health, quality of life, and productivity. This study aimed to describe the persistent symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome (especially neurological ones) and their 12-month post-infection cognitive, emotional, motor, quality of life, and indirect cost repercussions. Patients showing the first symptoms of COVID-19 from January to June 2021 who developed post-COVID-19 syndrome and sought care at the Fortaleza Unit (Ceará, Brazil) of the SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals were included in this study. Information was obtained at the baseline follow-up and by telephone interview 12 months post-infection. In total, 58 people participated in this study with an average age of 52.8±10.5 years, of which 60% required an ICU. The most frequent symptoms on admission included fatigue (64%), arthralgia (51%), and dyspnea (47%), whereas, after 12 months, fatigue (46%) and memory impairment (39%). The following scales/functional tests showed alterations: PCFS, MoCA, HAD, FSS, SF-36, TLS5x, timed up and go, 6-minute walk, and handgrip. Indirect costs totaled USD 227,821.00, with 11,653 days of absenteeism. Moreover, 32% of patients were unable to return to work. Better TLS5x and higher SF-36 scores in the functional capacity, physical functioning, vitality, and pain dimensions were associated with return to work (p ≤ 0.05). The most frequent persistent symptoms referred to fatigue, arthralgia, dyspnea, anxiety, and depression, which negatively affected cognitive, emotional, and motor function and quality of life. These symptoms lasted for over a year, especially fatigue and memory alteration, the latter of which being the most reported after COVID-19 infections. Results also show a significant difficulty returning to work and indirect costs of USD 4,847.25 per person/year.

Síntomas persistentes del síndrome post-COVID-19 provocan impactos negativos en la salud, calidad de vida y productividad. El objetivo fue describir los síntomas persistentes del síndrome post-COVID-19, sobre todo neurológicos, y las repercusiones cognitivas, emocionales, motoras, de calidad de vida y los costos indirectos, 12 meses tras la infección. Pacientes que tuvieron los primeros síntomas entre enero y junio de 2021, desarrollaron síndrome post-COVID-19 y buscaron atención en la unidad de la Red SARAH de Hospitales de Rehabilitación en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Las informaciones se obtuvieron al inicio del seguimiento y por entrevista telefónica 12 meses tras la infección. Participaron 58 personas, con edad de 52,8±10,5 años y el 60% permaneció en la UTI. Los síntomas más frecuentes al ingreso fueron: fatiga (64%), artralgia (51%) y disnea (47%); tras 12 meses fueron: fatiga (46%) y alteración de memoria (39%). Se identificaron alteraciones en las escalas/testes funcionales: PCFS, MoCA, HAD, FSS, SF-36, TLS5x, timed up and go, caminar por 6 minutos y prensión manual. Los costos indirectos totales fueron USD 227.821,00, con 11.653 días de absentismo. El 32% de los pacientes no volvió a trabajar. Mejor TLS5x y SF-36 en las dimensiones capacidad funcional, aspecto físico, vitalidad y dolor demostraron una asociación con el retorno al trabajo (p ≤ 0,05). Los síntomas persistentes más frecuentes fueron fatiga, artralgia, disnea, ansiedad y depresión, con repercusiones negativas en la funcionalidad cognitiva, emocional, motora y calidad de vida. Estos síntomas continuaron por más de un año, sobre todo la fatiga y la alteración de la memoria, siendo esta última reportada con más frecuencia tardíamente. Hubo una dificultad importante en el retorno al trabajo y costos indirectos de USD 4.847,25 persona/año.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the existing state legislation, including not only the ordinary laws, but also their infralegal regulation and the state legislation on Hospital Dentistry. Material and Methods: A survey was carried out in the databases of the Legislative Assemblies of the Brazilian States and the Federal District, as well as the Regional and Federal Councils of Dentistry in Brazil. Subsequently, a survey was carried out in the databases of the Ministry of Health, State Dental Councils and Federal Dental Council in Brazil. Results: Only 8 Brazilian states have legislation in force regarding hospital dentistry, which represents 29.63% of the federative units. Among the Brazilian regions, the Midwest presented the highest prevalence of the laws found (37.50%), followed by the North (25%) and the other regions with the same coverage (12.50%). Also, an orientation and an ordinance from the Ministry of Health, six resolutions from the Federal Council of Dentistry, and a technical note from the National Health Surveillance Agency were found. Conclusion: Several States do not have rules on the subject, making it imperative to create a federal rule that not only imposes the presence of the dentist, but also regulates the proportion of the team, workload, and availability.

Abstract Objective: This study assessed maternal mortality (MM) and related factors in a large-sized municipality in the Southeastern region of Brazil (Campinas, São Paulo) during the period 2000-2015. Methods: This study consisted of two phases: 1. An analytical nested case-control phase that assessed the impact of individual and contextual variables on MM; and 2. an ecological phase designed to contextualize maternal deaths by means of spatial analysis. The case group consisted of all maternal deaths (n = 87) and the control group consisted of 348 women who gave birth during the same period. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, association, and multiple logistic regression (MLR) tests at p < 0.05 as well as spatial analysis. Results: Maternal Mortality Ratio was 37 deaths per 100.000 live births. Deaths were dispersed throughout the urban territory and no formation of cluster was observed. MLR showed that pregnant women aged > 35 years old (OR = 2.63) or those with cesarean delivery (OR = 2.51) were more prone to maternal death. Conclusion: Maternal deaths were distributed dispersedly among the different socioeconomic levels and more prone to occur among older women or those undergoing cesarean deliveries.

Resumo Objetivo: Esse estudo avaliou a mortalidade materna (MM) e fatores relacionados em um município de grande porte da região sudeste do Brasil (Campinas, São Paulo) no período de 2000-2015. Métodos: Esse estudo consistiu de duas fases: 1. Uma fase analítica de caso-controle que avaliou o impacto de variáveis individuais e contextuais na MM; 2. Uma fase ecológica delineada para contextualizar as mortes maternas por meio de análise espacial. O grupo caso consistiu de 87 mortes maternas e o grupo controle de 348 mulheres que tiveram bebês durante o mesmo período. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, testes de associação e regressão logística múltipla (RLM) (p < 0,05) assim como análise espacial. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade materna foi de 37 mortes para cada 100.000 nascidos vivos. As mortes foram dispersas por todo o território urbano e não se observou formação de clusters. Na RLM observou-se que mulheres grávidas com idade > 35 anos (OR = 2,63) ou aquelas que passaram por cesárea (OR = 2,51) foram mais propensas à morte materna. Conclusão: As mortes maternas foram distribuídas dispersamente entre os diferentes níveis socioeconômicos e mais propensas a ocorrer entre mulheres > 35 anos de idade ou que passaram por cesárea.

Resumo O envelhecimento tem imposto mudanças epidemiológicas e aumento na prevalência de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis (DCNT). O objetivo foi estimar o custo direto relacionado às internações hospitalares de idosos acometidos por DCNT (hipertensão arterial, insuficiência cardíaca e diabetes mellitus) sensíveis à atenção primária, em hospital de médio porte, no período de 2015-2019. Secundariamente, investigamos se fatores clínicos e demográficos explicam o custo e tempo de permanência. Foram analisados prontuários de 165 idosos. Verificamos predominância de mulheres com média de idade de 76,9 anos. A causa de internação mais frequente foi insuficiência cardíaca (62%) e o tempo médio de permanência foi de 9,5 dias, e 16% das internações corresponderam a idosos reinternados. Dessas, 81% foram causadas por complicações da internação anterior. O custo total estimado foi de R$ 3 milhões. Pacientes do sexo masculino ficaram mais tempo internados, comparado ao sexo feminino. Hipertensão e o total de exames realizados foram preditores significantes do custo e tempo de permanência. Verificamos que em 5 anos, os custos com internações hospitalares por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em idosos são consideráveis, indicando a relevância de investimentos na atenção primária.

Abstract Aging has imposed changes in the epidemiological profile and an increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). The aim was to estimate the direct cost related to hospital admissions of elderly people affected by CNCDs (hypertension, heart failure and diabetes mellitus) sensitive to primary care, in a medium-sized hospital, in the period 2015-2019. Secondly, we investigated whether clinical and demographic factors explain the costs and length of stay. The medical records of 165 elderly people were analyzed. We found a predominance of women with a mean age of 76.9 years. The most frequent cause of hospitalization was heart failure (62%), and the average length of stay was 9.5 days, and 16% of hospitalizations corresponded to rehospitalizations. Of these, 81% were caused by complications from the previous hospitalization. The estimated total cost was R$ 3 million. Male patients had a longer hospital stay compared to female patients. Hypertension and the total number of procedures were significant predictors of cost and length of stay. We found that in 5 years, the costs of hospital admissions for conditions sensitive to primary care in the elderly are considerable, indicating the relevance of investments in primary care.

Resumo O envelhecimento tem imposto mudanças epidemiológicas e aumento na prevalência de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis (DCNT). O objetivo foi estimar o custo direto relacionado às internações hospitalares de idosos acometidos por DCNT (hipertensão arterial, insuficiência cardíaca e diabetes mellitus) sensíveis à atenção primária, em hospital de médio porte, no período de 2015-2019. Secundariamente, investigamos se fatores clínicos e demográficos explicam o custo e tempo de permanência. Foram analisados prontuários de 165 idosos. Verificamos predominância de mulheres com média de idade de 76,9 anos. A causa de internação mais frequente foi insuficiência cardíaca (62%) e o tempo médio de permanência foi de 9,5 dias, e 16% das internações corresponderam a idosos reinternados. Dessas, 81% foram causadas por complicações da internação anterior. O custo total estimado foi de R$ 3 milhões. Pacientes do sexo masculino ficaram mais tempo internados, comparado ao sexo feminino. Hipertensão e o total de exames realizados foram preditores significantes do custo e tempo de permanência. Verificamos que em 5 anos, os custos com internações hospitalares por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em idosos são consideráveis, indicando a relevância de investimentos na atenção primária.

Abstract Aging has imposed changes in the epidemiological profile and an increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). The aim was to estimate the direct cost related to hospital admissions of elderly people affected by CNCDs (hypertension, heart failure and diabetes mellitus) sensitive to primary care, in a medium-sized hospital, in the period 2015-2019. Secondly, we investigated whether clinical and demographic factors explain the costs and length of stay. The medical records of 165 elderly people were analyzed. We found a predominance of women with a mean age of 76.9 years. The most frequent cause of hospitalization was heart failure (62%), and the average length of stay was 9.5 days, and 16% of hospitalizations corresponded to rehospitalizations. Of these, 81% were caused by complications from the previous hospitalization. The estimated total cost was R$ 3 million. Male patients had a longer hospital stay compared to female patients. Hypertension and the total number of procedures were significant predictors of cost and length of stay. We found that in 5 years, the costs of hospital admissions for conditions sensitive to primary care in the elderly are considerable, indicating the relevance of investments in primary care.

Abstract Active layer and permafrost are important indicators of climate changes in periglacial areas of Antarctica, and the soil thermal regime of Maritime Antarctica is sensitive to the current warming trend. This research aimed to characterize the active layer thermal regime of a patterned ground located at an upper marine terrace in Half Moon Island, during 2015-2018. Temperature and moisture sensors were installed at different soil depths, combined with air temperature, collecting hourly data. Statistical analysis was applied to describe the soil thermal regime and estimate active layer thickness. The thermal regime of the studied soil was typical of periglacial environment, with high variability in temperature and water content in the summer, resulting in frequent freeze-thaw cycles. We detected dominant freezing conditions, whereas soil temperatures increased, and the period of high soil moisture content lasted longer over the years. Active layer thickness varied between the years, reaching a maximum depth in 2018. Permafrost degradation affects soil drainage and triggers erosion in the upper marine terrace, where permafrost occurrence is unlikely. Longer monitoring periods are necessary for a detailed understanding on how current climatic and geomorphic conditions affect the unstable permafrost of low-lying areas of Antarctica (marine terraces).

RESUMO Analisamos a relação entre força de trabalho (FT) e gerenciamento de resultados no mercado de capitais brasileiro e, adicionalmente, identificamos se o gerenciamento das atividades operacionais é um substituto do gerenciamento por accruals. As evidências do efeito da FT na prática do gerenciamento de resultados são controversas, às vezes elas mostram efeito na redução ou suavização do lucro ou até nenhum efeito. No Brasil, não há estudos que investiguem como a intensidade da FT afeta o comportamento dos gestores quanto ao gerenciamento do lucro. A pesquisa se mostra relevante para os órgãos reguladores porque traz evidências empíricas dos incentivos gerados pela pressão da FT para que os altos executivos reduzam o resultado do período, de maneira substitutiva, com vistas ao gerenciamento das atividades operacionais da empresa. Além disso, ela se mostra relevante para os usuários das informações contábeis, pois demonstra que a FT influencia o gerenciamento dos resultados, afetando a qualidade das informações contábeis. Os achados podem ser úteis para órgãos reguladores e investidores, pois demonstram que a pressão da FT é um importante incentivo para a tomada de decisões de executivos e trabalhadores nos níveis operacionais das empresas e pode subsidiar o aprimoramento das regulamentações trabalhistas. Seguindo Pae (2005), usamos o modelo modificado de Jones (1991) com accruals defasados para detectar o gerenciamento de resultados. Para captar a intensidade da FT, usamos as proxies apresentadas por Hilary (2006) e uma variável calculada a partir da demonstração do valor adicionado (DVA). Analisamos 119 empresas negociadas na bolsa de valores brasileira durante o período 2012-2018. Verificou-se que a intensidade da FT influencia negativamente o gerenciamento de resultados por accruals (GRA), ampliando as evidências dos efeitos do poder de negociação dos trabalhadores nas escolhas contábeis.

ABSTRACT We aimed to investigate the relationship between workforce [força de trabalho (FT)] and earnings management in the Brazilian capital market and, additionally, identify whether operating activities management is a substitute for management by accruals. Evidence of the effect of the FT on earnings management practice is controversial, sometimes showing an effect on the reduction or smoothing of profit or even no effect. In Brazil, there are no studies that investigate how the intensity of the FT affects the managers’ behavior regarding the manipulation of profit. The research is relevant to the regulatory bodies because it brings empirical evidence of the incentives generated by the pressure of the FT so that the top executives reduce the result of the period, in a substitute way, to the manipulation of the company's operational activities. In addition, it is relevant for users of accounting information, as it demonstrates that the FT influences the recognition of results, affecting the quality of accounting information. The findings may assist regulatory bodies and investors, as it demonstrates that pressure from the FT is an important incentive for decision-making by executives and workers at the operating levels of companies and can support the improvement of labor regulations. Following Pae (2005), we use Jones' modified model (1991) with lagged accruals to detect earnings management. To capture the FT intensity, we employed the proxies presented by Hilary (2006) and a variable calculated from the statement of value added [demonstração do valor adicionado (DVA)]. We analyzed 119 companies listed on the Brazilian stock exchange during the period 2012-2018. It were found that the intensity of the FT negatively influences earnings management by accruals [gerenciamento de resultados por accruals (GRA)], expanding the evidence on the effects of workers' bargaining power on accounting choices.

RESUMEN: El estudio busca contestar a las siguientes cuestiones: ¿hay evidencias de inconsistencia intertemporal en decisiones que involucran la recepción de valores monetarios? ¿Están sujetas las personas al efecto magnitud en decisiones intertemporales que involucran la recepción de valores monetarios? El propósito del artículo es identificar inconsistencias en decisiones intertemporales que involucran la recepción de recursos monetarios en distintos momentos. Se parte de la premisa de que decisiones intertemporales que involucren montos en dinero pueden igualmente afectarse por el efecto magnitud. Este es un hallazgo robusto en la literatura, habiéndose identificado en escogencias hipotéticas que involucran dinero. Para abordar la cuestión, se realizó el cálculo de la tasa de descuento implícita de los individuos y, en seguida, se clasificaron los individuos según el constructo "impaciencia". Se utilizaron escenarios adaptados de Sutter et al. (2013). En el análisis de los datos, se empleó la prueba no paramétrica para diferenciar medianas e identificar las características más relevantes de los respondientes de la survey. Hay evidencias de conducta inconsistente en las decisiones intertemporales para los escenarios presentados, con ocurrencia de impaciente creciente para intervalos desplazados para el futuro. Tal hallazgo va en contra de la literatura empírica acerca del descuento hiperbólico. En paralelo, se observó la ocurrencia del efecto magnitud, ratificando hallazgos anteriores sobre montos monetarios aplicados a escogencias intertemporales de largo plazo.

RÉSUMÉ: La présente étude cherche à répondre aux questions suivantes : existe-t-il des preuves d'incohérence intertemporelle dans les décisions impliquant la réception de valeurs monétaires ? Les gens sont-ils soumis à l'effet de magnitude dans les décisions intertemporelles impliquant la réception de valeurs monétaires ? Le but de cet article est d'identifier les incohérences dans les décisions intertemporelles qui impliquent la réception de ressources monétaires à des moments différents. On suppose que les décisions intertemporelles impliquant des sommes d'argent peuvent être également affectées par l'effet de magnitude. Il s'agit d'une constatation robuste dans la littérature, ayant été identifiée dans des choix hypothétiques impliquant de l'argent. Pour résoudre le problème, le taux d'actualisation implicite des individus a été calculé, puis les individus ont été classés selon le construit « impatience ». On a employé des scénarios adaptés de Sutter et al. (2013). Dans l'analyse des données, on a utilisé un test non paramétrique pour la différence des moyennes et on a identifié les caractéristiques les plus pertinentes des répondants à l'enquête. Il existe des preuves de comportement incohérent dans les décisions intertemporelles pour les scénarios présentés, avec une impatience croissante pour les intervalles de temps décalés vers le futur. Cette constatation est conforme à la littérature empirique sur l'actualisation hyperbolique. Dans le même temps, on a observé l'effet de magnitude, en confirmant les résultats antérieurs sur les montants monétaires appliqués aux choix intertemporels de long terme.

ABSTRACT: This study seeks to answer the following questions: Is there evidence of intertemporal inconsistency in the decisions that involve the reception of monetary values? Are people subject to the magnitude effect of intertemporal decisions that involve the reception of monetary values? In doing so, this research will try to identify inconsistencies in intertemporal choices involving the reception of monetary resources at different times, grounded in the premise that these type of decisions could also be affected by the so-called magnitude effect, a robust finding that has been identified for hypothetical choices involving money. To address this issue, we calculated the implicit discount rate of individuals and then classified these individuals based on the construct of "impatience." Adapted scenarios from the work by Sutter et al. (2013) were used for this research, whose data analysis phase involved non-parametric testing to differentiate medians and identify the most relevant characteristics of respondents. There is evidence of inconsistent behavior in intertemporal choices for the scenarios presented, with the occurrence of growing impatience for the intervals shifted into the future, a finding that goes against those of the empirical literature on hyperbolic discounting. In addition, the occurrence of the magnitude effect was proved, confirming previous research findings on monetary amounts applied to long-term intertemporal choices.

RESUMO: O presente estudo busca responder às seguintes questões: há evidências de inconsistência intertemporal em decisões que envolvem o recebimento de valores monetários? As pessoas estão sujeitas ao efeito magnitude em decisões intertemporais que envolvem o recebimento de valores monetários? O objetivo deste artigo é identificar inconsistências em decisões intertemporais que envolvam o recebimento de recursos monetários em diferentes momentos. Parte-se do pressuposto que decisões intertemporais que envolvem montantes em dinheiro podem ser igualmente afetadas pelo efeito magnitude. Este é um achado robusto na literatura, tendo sido identificado em escolhas hipotéticas que envolvem dinheiro. Para abordar a questão, procedeu-se o cálculo da taxa de desconto implícita dos indivíduos e, em seguida, classificaram-se os indivíduos segundo o construto "impaciência". Foram utilizados cenários adaptados de Sutter et al. (2013). Na análise dos dados, foi empregado um teste não paramétrico para diferença de médias e identificadas as características mais relevantes dos respondentes da survey. Há evidências de comportamento inconsistente nas decisões intertemporais para os cenários apresentados, com ocorrência de impaciência crescente para intervalos de tempo deslocados para o futuro. Tal achado vai de encontro à literatura empírica sobre desconto hiperbólico. Paralelamente, observou-se a ocorrência do efeito magnitude, ratificando achados anteriores sobre quantias monetárias aplicadas a escolhas inter-temporais de longo prazo.

Abstract Ice-free areas of Antarctica represent an important study region that helps us understand how human activity affects plant communities and soil properties. The goal of this study was to determine the changes in plant composition and soil properties around a whale bone skeleton (WB) near Ferraz Station, King George Island, Antarctica from 1972 to 2020 (48 years). The WB was assembled in 1972 by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and his team. It is located in a large moss field and visited by many tourists. We studied the plant composition and development based on historical and recent photographs and phytosociological studies from 1986 to 2020. The soil was sampled in February 2009 to determine general properties. The results showed that human activity surrounding the WB directly affected the plant community composition and soil properties. The Syntrichia cushions were positively affected by the calcium deposits from bone dissolution. The principal component analysis revealed that mineralization of the bones increased soil nutrient assembly. A strong phosphatization process was observed in the WB area, similar to that in ornithogenic soils. The WB on the marine terrace enhanced soil fertility and changed the plant community.

Abstract The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced some of the most accelerated warming worldwide, resulting in the retreat of glaciers and creation of new areas for plant development. Information regarding the plant dispersal processes to these new niches is scarce in Antarctica, despite birds being important vectors elsewhere. Many bird pellets (with feed remains such as bones and feathers) are generated annually in Antarctica, which are light and easily transported by the wind and include vegetation that is accidentally or purposely swallowed. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of plant fragments within skua (Stercorarius/Catharacta spp.) pellets collected from two sampling areas in the Maritime Antarctic: Stinker Point (Elephant Island, 17 samples) and Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island, 60 samples), in the South Shetland Archipelago, during the austral summers of 2018 and 2020. In both study areas, five species of Bryophyta were found that were associated with the pellets and viable in germination tests in a humid chamber. The ingestion of Bryophyta for the skuas contribute to the dispersion of different moss species, including to areas recently exposed by the ice retreat. This is the first demonstration that skua pellets effectively act in the dispersion of Antarctic mosses.

Abstract Southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) are found in the Antarctic. They build their nests with rock fragments, disturbing large areas during incubation and chick feeding periods; however, their impact on vegetation is unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Petrel nests and associated breeding activities on the diversity and structure of cryptogam communities of Stinker Point, Elephant Island. We selected 13 nests in February and March 2012 and continue the monitoring in 2018. The area of direct influence of breeding activities was photographed to calculate plant community coverage. The results demonstrated that species richness, community coverage and composition, and beta diversity showed significant differences between active and inactive nests. The linear mixed-effect models revealed that the positive effect of nest area mainly caused variation in community coverage, but had a negative effect on beta diversity. Sphaerophorus globosus (lichen) grew around the inactive nests, sometimes forming a ring up to 1 m in diameter. This ring was then surrounded by the Chorisodontium acyphyllum moss colonized by S. globosus, and a final ring of Sanionia uncinata, colonized by the same lichen. Recently constructed nests are generally surrounded by Prasiola crispa and Sanionia uncinata carpets.

Abstract Antarctic plant communities show a close relationship with soil types across the landscape, where vegetation cover changes, biological influence, and soil characteristics can affect the dynamic of greenhouse gases emissions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate greenhouse gases emissions in lab conditions of ice-free areas along a topographic gradient (from sea level up to 300 meters). We selected 11 distinct vegetation compositions areas and assessed greenhouse gases production potentials through 20 days of laboratory incubations varying temperatures at -2, 4, 6, and 22 °C. High N2O production potential was associated with the Phanerogamic Community under the strong ornithogenic influence (phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic matter contents). Seven different areas acted as N2O sink at a temperature of -2 °C, demonstrating the impact of low-temperature conditions contributing to store N in soils. Moss Carpets had the highest CH4 emissions and low CO2 production potential. Fruticose Lichens had a CH4 sink effect and the highest values of CO2. The low rate of organic matter provided the CO2 sink effect on the bare soil (up to 6 °C). There is an overall trend of increasing greenhouse gases production potential with increasing temperature along a toposequence.

Abstract Pockmarks are circular or elliptical structures formed at the seabed by the expulsion of gas from the subsurface. They are widely distributed along the continental margin off southeastern Brazil and can be over a kilometer wide and 100 meters deep. However, studies concerning the organic characteristics of these pockmark areas are scarce. This study sought to evaluate the organic composition of the sedimentary matter in pockmark areas located in the continental slope region of the southern Brazilian coast. Hydrocarbons, sterols, long-chain alcohols, stable isotopes of C and N, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen were assessed to provide an organic molecular characterization of the pockmarks located in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. These compounds did not reflect the organic characteristics of the scape of fluids that generate pockmark structures.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a variação do teor de açúcar (°Brix) existente entre 95 acessos do banco ativo de germoplasma de capim-elefante da Embrapa Gado de Leite, localizado no campo experimental de Coronel Pacheco. Foram identificados os acessos com maior teor de açúcar, bem como avaliado o efeito da idade da planta sobre a variação da concentração de açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso com duas repetições, 95 genótipos, duas idades de planta, 70 e 100 dias de crescimento, e análise do teor de açúcar em duas secções amostradas à 30 cm da base e na metade do colmo. A análise de variância considerou modelo de parcela subdividida no tempo, sendo os acessos, as parcelas e a idade da planta as subparcelas. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott. Observou-se variação no teor de açúcar entre os acessos, porém não foi observado efeito significativo no teor de açúcar devido ao aumento da idade da planta. Entretanto, alguns acessos apresentaram interação significativa com aumento ou redução do teor de açúcar em decorrência do aumento da idade da planta. O acesso de maior média de teor de açúcares entre as duas idades foi BAG80, com 6,96%, e o de menor foi BAG13, com 4,03%.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to estimate sugar content variation (°Brix) in 95 accessions from the elephant grass germplasm active bank of Embrapa Dairy Cattle research center, located in Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil. The accessions with the highest sugar content were identified, and the effect of plant age on sugar concentration was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with two replications. Sugar content analysis occurred twice during the growth-cycle (at 70 and 100 days) along two points of the stem, one 30 cm from the base and the other at the midpoint. The analysis of variance considered the split plot model, with accessions as main plots and plant age as subplots. The means were compared using the Scott Knott test. While there was sugar content variation between accessions, increased plant age had no significant effect on the sugar content. However, some accessions did have a significant increase or decrease in sugar content as they aged. The highest and lowest mean sugar content was 6.96% (in the accession BAG80) and 4.03% (in the accession BAG13) °Brix, respectively.

Abstract MGS Guaiçara e MGS Vereda are resistant to Meloidogyne paranaensis, one of the most aggressive nematode parasites of coffee. MGS Vereda is an early maturation cultivar, whereas MGS Guaiçara has a medium maturation cycle. Both cultivars produce red fruit, have high size, and high yield potential in infested areas.